U型螺栓,即骑马螺栓,骑马螺栓英文名称为U-bolt,是非标准件,是形状为U形所以也称为U型螺丝,U型管卡,U型管夹,两头有螺纹可与螺帽结合,主要用于固定管状物如水管或片状物如汽车的板簧。那u型螺栓等紧固件标准就是规范,每个国家和部门都有自己的标准。目前,我们在平时的业务中最常用到的标准有以下几种:

GB—中国国家标准(国标)ANSI—美国国家标准(美标)

DIN—德国国家标准(德标)ASME—美国机械工程师协会标准

JIS—日本国家标准(日标)BSW—英国国家标准

GB—国家标准是我国众多标准中的一种,另外还有行业标准,专业标准和部门标准等。国家标准又分:GB(强 制性标准)和GB/T(推荐性标准)以及GBn(国家内部标准)等。我们平常看到的像GB30,GB5783等等都是强制性的标 准。

以上几种标准除了一些基本尺寸如头部对边、头部厚度等的不同以外,最主要的是螺纹部分的不同。GB、DIN、JIS 等的螺纹都有是以MM(毫米)为单位,统称为公制螺纹。另像ANSI、ASME等的螺纹是以英寸为单位的称为美标螺纹。除 了公制螺纹和美制螺纹外还有一种BSW—英制标准,其螺纹也是以英寸为单位,俗称惠氏螺纹。

公制螺纹是以MM(毫米)为单位,它的牙尖角为60度。美制螺纹和英制螺纹都是以英寸为单位的。美制螺纹的牙尖角 也是60度,而英制螺纹的牙尖角为55度。由于计量单位的不同,导致了各种螺纹的表示方法也不尽相同。例如像M16- 2X60表示的就是公制的螺纹。他的具体意思是表示该螺丝的公称直径为16MM,牙距为2MM,长度为60MM,又如: 1/4—20x3/4表示的就是英制的螺纹,他的具体意思是该螺丝的公称直径为1/4英寸(一英寸=25.4MM),在一英 寸上有20个牙,长度为3/4英寸。另外要表示美制螺丝的话一般会在表示英制螺丝的后面加上UNC以及UNF,以此来区别 是美制粗牙或是美制细牙。

在平时的内销业务中,我们最常遇到的标准是GB(国标)和DIN(德标)。

在非芳生产品方面,主要会接触到以下几种标准:GB30;GB5783;GB5782;GB52;GB6170;GB818;GB819;GB845 ;GB846;GB70;DIN912;DIN933;DIN931等。目前GB30(老国标)在标准书中已被GB5783(新国标)所代替。GB52( 老国标)在标准书中已被GB6170(新国标)所代替。

在1986年,我们国家对标准件制定了新标准,在业务中一般俗称为新标,使用最多的主要有GB5780、GB5781、 GB5782、GB5783、GB5784。GB5780为六角头粗杆半牙螺丝,其精度等级为C级产品,可用GB5782来代替(GB5782为六角 头粗杆全牙螺丝,其精度等到级为A级和B级。)GB5781为六角头全牙螺丝,精度等级为C 级产品。可用GB5783来代替( GB5783为六角头全牙螺丝,其精度等级为A级和B 级)。GB5784为细杆半牙的六角螺丝。

新标与老标的区别在于:M8、M10、M12、M14、M22系列的产品,在对边宽度上有所区别。除M22系列的新产品外,新 标产品M8、M10、M12、M14的头部对边比老标的对边要小1MM。分别为13、16、18、21MM ,而M22系列的新产品,新标 比老标的对边反而要大2MM,应特别注意。对于头部厚度,新标和老标之间略有差别,在要求不是非常严格的情况下可以 通用。

新标与德标的区别在于:M10、M12、M14、M22的产品规格,在对边宽度上有所差别。M10、M12、M14的头部对边新标 比德标要小1MM。而M22的新产品的,其头部对边比德标的对边宽度要大2MM ,其它的均可通用。本文选择：u型螺栓 http://guantongjgj.com/index.php/dangshirenwu/2019/03-01/565.html

标准件国家标准对照表

序号 德国标准 国际标准 中国标准 英文品名 中文品名

Item DIN-Standard ISO-Standard GB-Standard Description in English Description in Chinese

1 DIN1 ISO2339 GB117 taper pins 圆锥销

2 DIN7 ISO2338 GB119-86 parallel pins 圆柱销

3 DIN84 ISO1207 GB65-85 slotted cheese head screws 开槽圆柱头螺钉

4 DIN85 ISO1580 GB67-85 slotted pan head screws 开槽盘头螺钉

5 DIN93   GB854 tab washers 单耳止动垫圈

6 DIN94 ISO1234 GB91 split cotter pins 开口销

7 DIN95   GB101 slotted raised csk head wood screws 开槽半沉头木螺钉

8 DIN96   GB99 slotted round head wood screws 开槽半圆头木螺钉

9 DIN97   GB100 slotted countersunk head wood screws 开槽沉头木螺钉

10 DIN125-A ISO7089 GB97.1-85 plain washers 平垫

11 DIN125-B ISO7090 GB97.2-85 mediun washers 平垫(带倒角)

12 DIN126 ISO7091   plain washers 平垫

13 DIN127-A   GB7244 spring lock washers,tang ends 重型弹垫

14 DIN127-B   GB93-87 spring lock washers,square ends 标准弹垫

15 DIN128-A   GB7245-87 single coil spring lock washers 鞍形弹垫

16 DIN137-A     curved spring washers 弹簧止动垫圈

17 DIN137-B   GB955 wave spring washers 波形弹垫

18 DIN186   GB37-88 T-head bolts with square neck T型方颈螺栓

19 DIN188     T-head bolts with double nip T型双接头螺栓

20 DIN258 ISO8737   taper pins with threaded end 螺纹圆锥销

21 DIN261     T-head bolts T型头螺栓

22 DIN315AF     wing nuts amercia form 蝶型螺母(美制)

23 DIN315DF   GB62-88 wing nuts germany form 蝶型螺母(德制)

24 DIN316AF     wing screws amercia form 蝶型螺钉(美制)

25 DIN317DF     wing screws germany form 蝶型螺钉(德制)

26 DIN319     ball knobs 圆球型盖型螺母

27 DIN404   GB832-88 slotted capstan screws 开槽带孔球面圆柱头螺钉

28 DIN417 ISO7435 GB75-85 slotted set srews with full dog point 开槽长圆柱端紧定螺钉

29 DIN427 ISO2342 GB73-85 slotted set srews with chamfered end 开槽平端紧定螺钉(半牙)

30 DIN431   GB808-88 pipe nuts with thread 小六角特薄细牙螺母

31 DIN432   GB856-88 external tap 外舌止动垫圈

32 DIN433 ISO7092 GB848-95 washers for cheese head screws 小垫圈(用于圆柱头螺钉)

33 DIN434   GB852-88 square taper washers for U-section 方斜垫圈(U型)

34 DIN435   GB852-88 square taper washers for I-sections 方斜垫圈(I型)

35 DIN436     square washers 方垫圈

36 DIN438 ISO7436 GB74-85 slotted set with cup point 开槽凹端紧定螺钉

37 DIN439 ISO4035 GB6172-86 hexagon thin nuts 六角薄螺母

38 DIN439 ISO8675 GB6173-86 hexagon thin nuts 细牙六角薄螺母

39 DIN440 ISO7094   rounds washers for wood constructions 木螺钉专用垫圈

40 DIN443     sealing caps,push-in type 密封帽

41 DIN444   GB798-88 eye bolts form B 活节螺栓B 型

42 DIN462     internal tab washers 内舌止动垫圈

43 DIN463   GB855-88 washers with two taps 双耳止动垫圈

44 DIN464   GB834-88 knurled thumb screws with collar 滚花高头螺钉

45 DIN465     slotted knurled thumb screws with collar 开槽滚花高头螺钉

46 DIN466   GB806-88 knurled thumb nuts with collar 滚花高螺母

47 DIN467   GB807-88 knurled thumb thin nuts 滚花薄螺母

48 DIN470     sealing washers 锁紧垫圈

49 DIN471   GB894.1-86 retaining rings for shafts(external),circlips 轴用弹性挡圈

50 DIN472   GB893.1-86 retaining rings for bores(internal),circlips 孔用弹性挡圈

51 DIN478     square head bolts with collar 方头带垫螺栓

52 DIN479     square head bolts with half dog point 方头圆柱底端螺栓

53 DIN480    

square head bolts with collar,half dog

point and rounded end

方头带垫半圆底端螺栓

54 DIN508 ISO299   T-slot nuts T型槽螺母

55 DIN525     single end studs 单头螺柱

56 DIN529   GB799-88 masonry bolts 地脚螺栓

57 DIN546   GB817-76 slotted round nuts 带槽圆螺母

58 DIN547   GB815-88 round nuts with drilled holes in one face 端面带孔圆螺母

59 DIN551 ISO4776 GB73-85 slotted sit screws with flat point 开槽平端紧定螺钉

60 DIN553 ISO7434 GB71-85 slotted set screws with cone point 开槽锥端紧定螺钉

61 DIN555 ISO4034   hexagon nuts 六角螺母

62 DIN557   GB39-88 square nuts 方螺母-C

63 DIN558 ISO4018   hexagon screws 六角头螺钉

64 DIN561     hexagon set screws with full dog point 六角头圆柱端紧定螺钉

65 DIN562     square nuts without bevel(pressed nuts) 薄型方螺母-B

66 DIN571   GB102-86 hexagon head wood screws (coach screws) 六角头木螺钉

67 DIN580 ISO3266 GB825-76 lifting eye bolts 吊环螺钉

68 DIN582     lifting eye nuts 吊环螺母

69 DIN601 ISO4016   hexagon bolts 六角头螺栓

70 DIN603 ISO8677 GB14-88

mushroom head square neck bolts

(carriage bolts)

大半圆头方颈螺栓(马车螺栓)

71 DIN604     flat countersunk nib bolts 沉头带插销马车螺栓

72 DIN605    

flat countersunk long square

neck bolts

沉头长方颈马车螺栓

73 DIN607     cup head nib bolts 半圆头带插销马车螺栓

74 DIN608     flat countersunk short square neck bolts 沉头短方颈马车螺栓

75 DIN609     hexagon fitted bolts,long thread 六角头精配螺栓(长螺纹)

76 DIN610     hexagon fitted bolts,short thread 六角头精配螺栓(短螺纹)

77 DIN653   GB835-88 knurled thumb screws thin type 滚花平头螺钉

78 DIN660 ISO1051 GB867-86 round head rivets 半圆头铆钉

79 DIN661 ISO1051 GB869-86 contersunk head rivets 沉头铆钉

80 DIN662 ISO1051   raised contersunk head rivets 半沉头铆钉

81 DIN674 ISO1051   mushroom head rivets 大扁头铆钉

82 DIN703     adjusting rings,heavy range (shafting collars) 重型侧面带孔圆螺母

83 DIN705   GB816-88 adjusting rings,light range (shafting collars) 侧面带孔圆螺母

84 DIN741     wire rope clips 卡头

85 DIN787 ISO299   T-slot screws T型槽螺钉

86 DIN835   GB900-88 studs-metal (end=2d) 双头螺柱(牙长=2D)

87 DIN906     hexagon socket pipe plugs,conical thread 内六角锥型闭锁螺钉

88 DIN908     hexagon socket screw plugs,cyl. thread 内六角直型闭锁螺钉

89 DIN909     hexagon head pipe plugs,conical thread 外六角锥型闭锁螺钉

90 DIN910     hexagon head screw plugs,cyl.thread 外六角直型闭锁螺钉

91 DIN911 ISO2936   socket wrenches 内六角扳手

92 DIN912 ISO4762 GB70-85 hexagon socket cap screws 内六角圆柱头螺钉

93 DIN913 ISO4026 GB77-85 hexagon socket set screws with flat point 内六角平端紧定螺钉

94 DIN914 ISO4027 GB78-85 hexagon socket set screws with cone point 内六角尖端紧定螺钉

95 DIN915 ISO4028 GB79-85 hexagon socket set screws with dog point 内六角圆柱端紧定螺钉

96 DIN916 ISO4029 GB80-85 hexagon socket set screws with cup point 内六角凹端紧定螺钉

97 DIN917     hexagon cap nuts 薄型盲螺母

98 DIN920     slotted short cheese head screws 开槽小圆柱头螺钉

99 DIN921   GB838-88 slotted large cheese head screws 开槽大圆柱头螺钉

100 DIN923   GB830-88 slotted pan head screws with shoulder 开槽圆柱头轴肩螺钉

101 DIN927     slotted shoulder screws 开槽无头轴肩螺钉

102 DIN928   GB/T13680-92 square weld nuts 焊接方螺母

103 DIN929   GB/T13681-92 hexagon weld nuts 焊接六角螺母

104 DIN931 ISO4014 GB5782-86 hexagon head screws 六角头螺栓(半牙)

105 DIN933 ISO4017 GB5783-86 hexagon head screws 六角头螺栓(全牙)

106 DIN934 ISO4032 GB6170-86 hexagon full nuts 六角头螺母(1型)

107 DIN934 ISO8673 GB6171-86 hexagon full nuts 细牙六角头螺母(1型)

108 DIN935 ISO7035 GB6178-86 hexagon slotted and castle nuts 开槽六角螺母

109 DIN936 ISO4035 GB6172.1-86 hexagon thin nuts 六角头薄螺母

110 DIN937 ISO7038 GB6181-86 hexagon thin slotted and castle nuts 六角头开槽薄螺母

111 DIN938   GB897-88 studs metal (end=1d) 双头螺距(牙长=1D)

112 DIN939   GB898-88 studs metal (end=1.25d) 双头螺距(牙长=1.25D)

113 DIN940     studs metal (end=1.5d) 双头螺距(牙长=1.5D)

114 DIN960 ISO8765 GB5785-86 hexagon head bolts,metric fine pitch thread 六角头细牙螺栓(半牙)

115 DIN961 ISO8676 GB5786-86 hexagon head bolts,metric fine pitch thread 六角头细牙螺栓(全牙)

116 DIN962     additional shapes and versions for bolts 头部穿孔六角头螺栓

117 DIN963 ISO 2009 GB68-85 slotted countersund head screws 开槽沉头螺钉

118 DIN964 ISO 2010 GB69-85

slotted raised countersunk

oval head screws

开槽半沉头螺钉

119 DIN965 ISO7046 GB819-85

cross recessed count

ersunk head screws

十字槽沉头螺钉

120 DIN966 ISO7047 GB820-85

cross recessed raised count

ersunk head screws

十字槽半沉头螺钉

121 DIN970     hexagon nuts type-1 六角头螺母

122 DIN971     hexagon nuts type-2 六角头螺母

123 DIN972 ISO8674 GB6176-86 hexagon nuts with fine thread 细牙六角头螺母(2型)

124 DIN975   GB15389-94 threaded rods(studdings) 牙条(全螺纹)

125 DIN976     threaded pins(stud bolts) 螺纹销

126 DIN979     hexagon thin slotted and castle nuts 六角头开槽薄螺母(2型)

127 DIN980 ISO7199 GB6184-86

prevailling torque type hexagon nuts,

all metall nuts

全金属六角锁紧螺母(1型)

128 DIN981 ISO2982 GB812-88 locknuts 圆螺母

129 DIN982 ISO7040 GB889.1-86

prevailling torque type hexagon nuts,

heavy type ,with nylon insert

六角头尼龙锁紧螺母

130 DIN985 ISO10511 GB6172.2-86

prevailling torque type hexagon nuts,

heavy type ,with nylon insert

六角头薄型尼龙锁紧螺母

131 DIN986    

prevailling torque typedomed capnuts

with nylon insert

六角盖型尼龙锁紧螺母

132 DIN988     shim rings 配合垫片

133 DIN1052     washers for timber connectors 木材连接用垫片

134 DIN1151     round plain head nails 沉头钢钉

135 DIN1440 ISO8738   plain washers for clevis pins(A型) 销钉专用垫片A型

136 DIN1441     plain washers for clevis pins 销钉专用垫片

137 DIN1444 ISO2341   clevis pins with head 带头销钉

138 DIN1471 ISO8744 GB/T13829.2 grooved pins,taper grooved 圆锥型槽销

139 DIN1472 ISO8745 GB/T13829.2 grooved pins,taper grooved half length 圆锥型槽销(半槽)

140 DIN1473 ISO8740   grooved pins,parallel grooved full length 平行槽销(带倒角)

141 DIN1474 ISO8741   grooved pins,reserve grooved half length 前端凹槽槽销

142 DIN1475 ISO8742   grooved pins,centre grooved 中部凹槽槽销

143 DIN1476 ISO8746 GB/T13829.3 grooved pins with round head 圆头槽销

144 DIN1477 ISO8747  

grooved pins with count

ersunk head

沉头槽销

145 DIN1479    

turnuckles(centre parts),

made out of hexagon bar

六角螺母棒

146 DIN1480     turnuckles with eye bolt and hook bolt 花篮螺栓

147 DIN1481 ISO8752 GB879-86 spring pins,heavy type 弹性圆柱销

148 DIN1587   GB802-88 hexagon domed cap nuts 组合式盖型螺母

149 DIN1804     slotted round nuts for hook spanner 开槽圆螺母(配合沟头扳手)

150 DIN1816     round nuts with set holes 圆螺母(带插销孔)

151 DIN2093     disc springs 盘型弹簧垫圈

152 DIN3017     hose clamps 喉箍

153 DIN3404     lubricating nipples,button head 润滑油嘴(旋扭头)

154 DIN3567     shackles for conduilts 管夹

155 DIN3570     stirrup bolts(U-bolts) U型螺栓

156 DIN6319   GB849-88 spherical washers,conical seats 球面垫圈

157 DIN6325 ISO8734   parallel pins 圆柱销

158 DIN6330   GB56-88 hexagon nuts ,1.5d 厚六角螺母

159 DIN6331   GB6177-86 hexagon nuts ,1.5d with collar 厚六角法兰面螺母

160 DIN6334     hexagon nuts ,3d 长六角螺母

161 DIN6797-A   GB862.1-87 external teeth lock washers 外齿锁紧垫圈

162 DIN6797-I   GB861.1-87 internal teeth lock washers 内齿锁紧垫圈

163 DIN6798-A   GB862.2-87 external teeth serrated lock washers 外锯齿锁紧垫圈

164 DIN6798-I   GB861.2-87 internal teeth serrated lock washers 内锯齿锁紧垫圈

165 DIN6799   GB896-76 retaining rings for shafts(E-rings),circlips 开口挡圈

166 DIN6885 ISO773/2491   parallel keys(form A ) 平键(A型)

167 DIN6888 ISO3912   woodruff keys 半圆键

168 DIN6899     thimbles 嵌环(支撑环)

169 DIN6900   GB9074.1-.17 screws and washers assemblies 机器螺钉和垫圈组合件

170 DIN6901   GB9074.18-.23 tapping screws and washers assemblies 自攻螺钉和垫圈组合件

171 DIN6912    

hexagon socket head cap

screws with hole,low head

薄型带孔内六角圆柱头螺钉

172 DIN6914    

hexagon head bolts with large

head(friction grip bolts)

大六角头螺栓

173 DIN6915    

hexagon nuts with large wideth

across flat(friction grip nuts)

大六角螺母

174 DIN6916     round washers for friction grip bolts 大垫圈

175 DIN6917    

spuare taper washers for

friction grip bolts on T-sections

楔型方垫圈

176 DIN6923 ISO4161 GB6177-86 hexagon flange nuts 六角法兰面螺母

177 DIN6925 ISO7042 GB6185.1-2000

prevailing torque type hexagon nuts,

all metallic nuts

全金属六角锁紧螺母(2型)

178 DIN7337   GB12617/12618 blind rivets 开口型抽芯铆钉(沉头、扁圆头)

179 DIN7338   GB875/975-86 rivets for brake and clutch lining 扁平头半空心/全空心铆钉

180 DIN7343 ISO8750   spiral pins 螺旋夹紧销

181 DIN7346 ISO13337   spring pins,light type 轻型弹性圆柱销

182 DIN7349     washers for bolts with heavy type spring pinss 重型弹性圆柱销用垫圈

183 DIN7500     threadforming screws for ISO-metric thread ISO公制螺纹螺钉(多种头型)

184 DIN7504     self-drilling tapping screws 自攻自钻螺钉(多种头型)

185 DIN7513     thread cutting screws 开槽切削螺纹螺钉(多种头型)

186 DIN7516     thread cutting screws cross recess 十字槽切削螺纹螺钉(多种头型)

187 DIN7965     tee nuts with pronge T型四爪螺母

188 DIN7968   GB1228/1229/1230 hexagon head fitted bolts for steel structures 钢结构用六角头螺栓连接副

189 DIN7971 ISO1481 GB5282-85 pan head tapping screws with slot 开槽盘头自攻螺钉

190 DIN7972 ISO1482 GB5283-85 countersunk flat head tapping screws with slot 开槽沉头自攻螺钉

191 DIN7973 ISO1483 GB5284-85 raised countersunk oval head tapping screws with slot 开槽半沉头自攻螺钉

192 DIN7976 ISO1479 GB5285-85 hexagon tapping screws 六角头自攻螺钉

193 DIN7980 ISO8738  

spring lock washers for screws

with cylindrical heads

圆柱头螺钉用弹簧垫圈

194 DIN7981 ISO 7049 GB845-85

pan head tapping screws

with cross recessed

十字槽盘头自攻螺钉

195 DIN7982 ISO7050 GB846-85

countersunk flat head tapping screws

with cross recessed

十字槽沉头自攻螺钉

196 DIN7983 ISO7051 GB847-86

raised countersunk oval head tapping screws

with cross recessed

十字槽半沉头自攻螺钉

197 DIN7984     hexagon socket head cap screws with,reduced head 薄型内六角圆柱头螺钉

198 DIN7985 ISO7045 GB818-85 pan head screws with cross recessed 十字槽盘头螺钉

199 DIN7989   GB1230-84 washers for steel structures 钢结构用垫圈

200 DIN7990   GB1229-84 hexagon head bolts for steel structures 钢结构用六角头螺栓

201 DIN7991 ISO10642 GB70.3

hexagon socket count

ersunk head screws

内六角沉头螺钉

202 DIN7993   GB895.2-86 roundwire snap rings for shafts 轴用钢丝挡圈

203 DIN7995   GB952-86 cross recessed raised countersunk head wood screws 十字槽半沉头木螺钉

204 DIN7996   GB950-86 cross recessed round head wood screws 十字槽圆头木螺钉

205 DIN7997   GB951-86 cross recessed countersunk head wood screws 十字槽沉头木螺钉

206 DIN8140    

ciol inserts,coarse,

fine thread,silf locking

螺纹护套(普通自锁等)

207 DIN9021 ISO7093 GB96-85 washers,outside diameter appro.3d 大外径垫圈

208 DIN11024     spring cotter for a bolt 弹簧卡子

209 DIN13257     belting bolts (elevator bolts) 平板螺栓

210 DIN18182     dry wall screws 干壁钉(墙板钉)

211 DIN28129   GB63-88 lifting nuts(eye nuts) 环型螺母

212 DIN70952   GB858-88 tab washers for slotted round nuts 圆螺母用止退垫圈